linux系统-文件系统命令(du/df/mount/dumpe2fs/fdisk)

Df 命令文件系统的占用情况

[root@localhost ~]# df

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 18339256 4260712 13146960 25% /

tmpfs 506172 76 506096 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 297485 81419 200706 29% /boot

/dev/sr0 1418348 1418348 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.4_Final

[root@localhost ~]# df -ah #包括子目录，习惯性显示

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 18G 4.1G 13G 25% /

proc 0 0 0 - /proc

sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys

devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts

tmpfs 495M 76K 495M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 291M 80M 197M 29% /boot

none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc

vmware-vmblock 0 0 0 - /var/run/vmblock-fuse

gvfs-fuse-daemon 0 0 0 - /root/.gvfs

/dev/sr0 1.4G 1.4G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.4_Final

du命令查看文件或目录大小

[root@localhost ~]# du -h /etc/passwd #查看文件大小

4.0K /etc/passwd

[root@localhost ~]# du -sh /etc #以总结形式显示目录的大小

39M /etc

Dumpe2fs +设备文件名，查看分区状态（UUID，Default mount options: user_xattr acl）

通过df命令查看设备文件名

[root@localhost ~]# df -l #

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 18339256 4233436 13174236 25% /

tmpfs 506172 224 505948 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 297485 81419 200706 29% /boot

/dev/sr0 1418348 1418348 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.4_Final

[root@localhost ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sda1(设备文件名)

挂载U盘

[root@localhost ~]# df -l

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 18339256 4233492 13174180 25% /

tmpfs 506172 224 505948 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 297485 81419 200706 29% /boot

/dev/sr0 1418348 1418348 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.4_Final

/dev/sdb5 31055872 8231504 22824368 27% /media/02D4-4CC6

#U盘识别为sdb5

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/usb

[root@localhost ~]# mount -t vfat /dev/sdb5 /mnt/usb #fat32 - vfat ，fat16-fat

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/usb

[root@localhost usb]# ls -a

[root@localhost usb]# cd

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb5

让linux识别ntfs文件系统（下载安装ntfs-3g）

[root@localhost ~]# cd /tmp

[root@localhost tmp]# tar -zxvf ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2011.4.12.tgz

[root@localhost tmp]# cd ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2011.4.12

[root@localhost ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2011.4.12]# ./configure && make && make install

[root@localhost ~]# mount -t ntfs-3g 设备文件名 挂载点

Fdisk命令分区过程

fdisk -l查看已经被识别的设备文件名

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0000950c

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes #新添加的硬盘识别为sdb

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n #新建分区

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): +5G #x新建主分区大小5G

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

e

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (655-1305, default 655):

Using default value 655

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-1305, default 1305):

Using default value 1305 #新建扩展分区，大小为剩余空间

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (655-1305, default 655):

Using default value 655

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-1305, default 1305): +2G#新建2G的逻辑分区

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (917-1305, default 917):

Using default value 917

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (917-1305, default 1305):

Using default value 1305 #新建剩余空间的逻辑分区

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks. #保存修改

新硬盘的识别情况 mount -l

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdb2 655 1305 5229157+ 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 655 916 2104483+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdb6 917 1305 3124611 83 Linux

[root@localhost ~]# partprobe #重读分区表信息

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb5

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb6 #格式化主分区和逻辑分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /disk1

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /disk2

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /disk3

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /disk1

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /disk2

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /disk3 #挂载分区

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab

UUID=dbf74876-db8f-4300-ae4b-ba90805da1a0 / ext4 defaults 1 1

UUID=090ed815-b8d3-40cf-af77-6dd9d338f11d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2

UUID=247d76a3-d6e9-42b9-84e7-2a9827b872d0 swap swap defaults 0 0

1. /dev/sdb1 2 ./disk1 3。 ext4 4。defaults 1 2

/dev/sdb5 /disk2 ext4 defaults 1 2

/dev/sdb6 /disk3 ext4 defaults 1 2

设备文件名 挂载点 系统类型，挂载参数

5字段 指定分区是否实施dump备份，0不被分，1每天备份，2不定期备份

6字段 是否被fsck检测，0不检测，其他数字标识优先级，1比2高，根分区为1

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a #依据配置文件/etc/fstab文件的内容，自动挂载

/etc/fstab文件修复

mount -o remount ， rw / #不要修改文件的已有的内容，对新添加的内容，如果有错误，系统启动时会报错，会把文件改为只读权限

fsck文件系统修复命令 （此命令不建议使用）

fsck [选项]设备文件名

选项 ： -a自动修复

-y和-a作用相同，有些文件只支持-y

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